How to Read a Yarn Label: A Complete Guide

Have you ever found yourself standing in the yarn aisle, feeling overwhelmed by all the options and wondering how to choose the perfect yarn for your project? Don’t worry; I’ve been there too! That’s why I’m excited to share with you the must-know skill that every knitter and crocheter needs: reading a yarn label. Whether you’re looking to make a cozy blanket or a stylish sweater, the information on the label can make all the difference to your finished product.

Yarn labels, or “ball bands” as some like to call them, are like a treasure map filled with essential information about the yarn’s weight, fiber content, length, and care instructions. Plus, they give you clues about the brand, weight category, gauge, and recommended knitting needle or crochet hook sizes.

And once you know how to read a yarn label you can confidently pick the right yarn for your next crafting project. 

So lets break it down, step by step, and figure out how to read yarn labels together.

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Understanding Yarn Labels

But first, let’s take a look at why understanding how to read a yarn label is so important. Most patterns are going to tell you which yarn to use, right?

But what if you want to use up some stash yarn? Or maybe you get to the yarn store and find a different yarn that you prefer? Maybe the pattern yarn is discontinued, or you need to find something that fits your budget?

Well once you understand how to read a yarn label you can make better decisions about which yarns will work best for your project. You’ll feel more confident about shopping your stash or finding alternatives to knit with.

Think of it like reading the nutrition label on your food – you want to know what you’re getting before you invest your time and money.

Reading the yarn label will tell you the yarn weight, fiber content, yardage, recommended needle size, and more. This will help you choose the right yarn for your project, and make sure that you have enough yarn to finish it. And that’s why understanding the yarn label matters.

Anatomy of a Yarn Label

Now that you know why it’s important to read yarn labels, let’s take a closer look at the different parts of a yarn label.

As you can see, there’s a lot of information packed into a yarn label! 

Different yarn labels will show this information in different ways. Once you figure out how to read the different parts, you’re able to choose the best yarn that works for your project.

Here are a few tips to keep in mind when reading yarn labels:

• Always check the weight and yardage/meterage to make sure you have enough yarn for your project.
• Pay attention to the fiber content to make sure the yarn is suitable for your project.
• Look at the recommended gauge and knitting needle size and check that you’re using the right needles and getting gauge.
• Don’t be afraid to ask for help from a yarn store employee if you’re unsure about anything on the label!

Brand & Yarn Name

At the top of the label, you’ll find the brand and the specific yarn name. This tells you who makes the yarn and what line it’s from. 

The brand name is usually in a larger font, and the yarn name will be just below it or nearby somewhere.

Some popular yarn brands are Cascade, Debbie Bliss, Knit Picks, Lion Brand, and Rowan. 

So in this example, Knit Picks is the yarn brand, and Wool of the Andes is the collection name. 

But the yarn name isn’t always to close to the brand name. With this ball of Noro, it’s not until you turn it over and see the back of the label that you find the collection name – Silk Garden Sock Solo.

Yarn brands differ in quality, fibers, and textures. Some brands are known for their softness, while others may be more famous for their huge range of colors.

Once you get more familiar with different yarns and brands you’ll have a better idea of what’s likely to work for your project.

Yardage/Meterage & Skein Weight

Yardage and skein weight are key factors in choosing the right yarn for your projects. They tell you how much yarn is in each skein (or ball) and help you figure out how much you need for your project. 

Yardage: What It Is and Why It Matters

Yardage is the length of yarn in each skein. It’s usually measured in yards or meters. Knowing the yardage helps you make sure you have enough yarn to complete your project. Running out of yarn midway is no fun!

Skein Weight: The Basics

Skein weight is the actual physical weight of the yarn in each skein, measured in ounces or grams. 

How to Find Yardage and Skein Weight on the Label

Yarn labels usually display yardage and skein weight in clear text or symbols. Look for numbers followed by “yd” or “m” for yardage, and “oz” or “g” for skein weight.

Estimating Yarn Requirements

To estimate how many balls of yarn you need for a project, follow these steps:

1. Check your pattern for the total yardage or skein weight needed.
2. Divide the total yardage by the yardage per skein from the label. This gives you the number of skeins you’ll need.
3. Round up to the nearest whole number to make sure you have enough yarn.

For example, if your pattern needs 500 yards and each skein has 200 yards, you’ll need 3 skeins (500 ÷ 200 = 2.5, round up to 3).

Tips for Choosing the Right Amount of Yarn

• Buy an extra skein to be on the safe side, especially if the yarn is a special edition colorway or an indie yarn that might be hard to find again later.
• Keep track of your leftover yarn – it can come in handy if you ever need to repair your project. You can also find loads of projects which are brilliant for using up yarn scraps.
• Always check the yardage and skein weight when substituting yarns to ensure you have enough for your project.

You might see a symbol on some yarn labels with a number near a garment or accessory. This shows roughly how much yarn you need for that item. So in this example the label is telling us that a size 40 sweater needs around 800g of Paintbox Cotton Aran yarn.

Take these recommendations with a big pinch of salt.

They don’t think about things like gauge or stitches that can change how much yarn you use. They also don’t provide any way of scaling up or down for sizes. They can be a helpful starting point. Just know it’s a very rough guess.

Yarn Weight and Gauge

Yarn Weight Categories

When it comes to reading a yarn label, one of the most important pieces of information you’ll find is the yarn weight category.

This tells you how thick or thin the yarn is, which is important to know when choosing a pattern or deciding what hook or needles to use.

There are eight standard yarn weight categories which are set out by the Craft Yarn Council, ranging from the thinnest lace weight (category 0) to the thickest jumbo weight (category 7).

Here’s a quick breakdown of each category:

• Category 0: Lace weight – super thin, used for delicate shawls and doilies
• Category 1: Superfine/fingering weight – thin, used for lightweight garments and accessories like socks and baby clothes
• Category 2: Fine/sport weight – medium thin, ideal for baby clothes and lightweight sweaters
• Category 3: Light/DK weight – medium weight, a versatile choice for lots of projects like sweaters, scarves, and hats
• Category 4: Medium/worsted weight – another versatile choice, used for a wide variety of projects, including blankets, scarves, and hats
• Category 5: Bulky weight – thick, great for quick-knit projects like hats and cowls
• Category 6: Super bulky weight – very thick, perfect for cozy blankets and scarves
• Category 7: Jumbo weight – thickest, used for arm knitting and other chunky projects

Gauge: Why It Matters

Another important piece of information you’ll find on a yarn label is the gauge of the yarn.

It tells you how many stitches and rows fit in a certain space, like 4 inches (10 cm). The correct gauge helps you make sure your project will be the right size. If your gauge is off, your project could end up too big or too small. That’s why checking your gauge is super important! Especially if you’re trying to use a different yarn to the one suggested in the pattern.

Most yarn labels will provide a recommended gauge, along with the suggested needle or hook size to achieve that gauge.

For example, a label might say “Gauge: 16 stitches and 22 rows = 4 inches on size US 9 needles.“

This means that if you knit or crochet a gauge swatch with this yarn using US size 9 needles, you should expect to get 16 stitches and 22 rows in a 4 inch square.

Keep in mind that your gauge might vary depending on your personal tension and the tools you use. It’s always a good idea to make a swatch to check your gauge before starting a project. And don’t be afraid to experiment with different yarns and hook/needle sizes until you find what works best for you.

How to Find Yarn Weight and Gauge on the Label

Yarn labels often show a symbol with a number inside. This number represents the yarn’s weight category. The higher the number, the thicker the yarn.

To find the gauge, look for a small square symbol on the yarn label. This square shows the number of stitches and rows per 4 inches (10 cm) using the suggested needle or hook size.

Remember, this is just a starting point. Your knitting gauge might be different because of your tension or the tools you use.

Checking Your Gauge

Before starting your project, it’s a good idea to make a swatch. A swatch is a small sample of your knitting or crochet work. Here’s how to make a swatch and check your gauge:

1. Choose the suggested needle or hook size on the yarn label.
2. Cast on enough stitches to make a square about 6 inches (15 cm) wide.
3. Work in the pattern stitch (or the stitch your pattern calls for) until your swatch is a square, about 6 inches (15 cm) long.
4. Bind off or finish your swatch, and lay it flat without stretching it.
5. Use a ruler or a gauge-measuring tool to measure 4 inches (10 cm) across the swatch.
6. Count the number of stitches within that 4-inch (10 cm) area.
7. Compare your stitch count to the gauge listed on the yarn label.

Recommended Needle Size

Recommended needle size is a crucial detail that helps you achieve the perfect gauge and finish for your project.

Finding Recommended Needle Size on the Label

Yarn labels often show the suggested needle size for knitting and the crochet hook size for crocheting. Look for numbers followed by “mm” (millimeters) or “US” (United States needle sizes).

Why does needle size matter? Well, using the right needle size helps you match the gauge listed on the yarn label or your pattern. In turn, this creates a fabric with the ideal drape and feel for your project.

Tips for Choosing the Right Needle Size

• Start with the recommended size, but be prepared to adjust if needed to achieve the correct gauge.
• Swatch with different needle sizes to find the best fit for your project and yarn.
• Use circular needles for larger projects or when knitting in the round.

Fiber Content and Ply

The fiber content of the yarn is a key detail that affects its feel, look, and performance. Each type of fiber offers unique benefits and features.

Common Types of Fibers

Yarn can be made from natural or synthetic fibers. Some of the common fibers are:

• Wool: Warm, elastic, and water-resistant. Great for cozy sweaters and winter accessories.
• Alpaca: Lightweight, soft, warm, and hypoallergenic. Good for sweaters and accessories.
• Cotton: Soft, breathable, and easy to care for. Ideal for summer garments and home items.
• Acrylic: Lightweight, affordable, and available in many colors. Good for easy-care projects.
• Bamboo: Silky, eco-friendly, and moisture-wicking. Perfect for lightweight garments and accessories.
• Silk: Luxurious, smooth, and drapey. Excellent for special occasion wear and elegant shawls.

How to Find Fiber Content on the Label

Yarn labels often list the fiber content as a percentage. For example, a yarn might be labeled “50% alpaca, 50% wool”, or “100% merino wool”. This tells you the blend of fibers used to make the yarn.

Choosing the Right Fiber Content

When it comes to choosing the perfect fiber for your project, think about these factors:

• Purpose: Think about how the finished item will be used. Is it for warmth, durability, or style? A 100% merino wool yarn will be super soft and perfect for a shawl or a hat, but won’t be durable enough for socks, while a sock yarn might not be comfortable to wear around your neck.
• Feel: Choose a fiber that feels good against the skin, especially for wearable items. 
• Care: Consider how the item will be washed and cared for. Some fibers need special care, while others are machine washable. 

Tips for Working with Different Fibers

• Swatch before starting your project to see how the yarn feels and behaves, and if it’s suitable for your pattern. You can even wash it the same way you’ll wash the finished item to see how it holds up. 
• Keep in mind that some fibers may stretch or shrink after washing. Always follow the yarn care instructions on the label.
• Different fibers may require different needle or hook sizes to achieve the same gauge.

Understanding fiber content helps you choose the perfect yarn for your projects. By selecting the right fiber, you’ll create beautiful, comfortable, and durable pieces that you can enjoy for years to come.

Identifying the fiber type can give you a sense of how the yarn will feel and behave. For example, wool is warm and durable, while silk is soft and luxurious. Keep in mind that different fibers may require different care instructions, so be sure to check the label for any special washing or drying requirements.

Yarn Ply

Sometimes a yarn label will also tell you the ply of the yarn. 

This refers to the number of strands that make up the yarn and can affect its strength, look, and feel.

So a single-ply yarn is made up of just one strand, while a two-ply yarn has two strands twisted together. Some yarns may have even more plies, such as a four-ply or eight-ply yarn.

This is important because ply can affect the texture and strength of the yarn. A single-ply yarn is often softer and more delicate, while a multi-ply yarn is more durable and can hold up better to wear and tear. Keep in mind that a higher ply count may also mean a thicker yarn (but not always!), so be sure to check the weight category and recommended needle size on the label. 

Colorway and Dye Lot

Dye lot and colorway can play a big role in making your knitting or crocheting projects look beautiful and polished. Let’s take a closer look at this part of the yarn label.

What is a Colorway?

A colorway is basically the specific color or pattern of a yarn. Yarn colorways come in many different styles, including:

• Solid: A single, consistent color throughout the yarn.
• Tonal or semisolid: Subtle variations of the same color, creating depth and texture.
• Variegated: Multiple colors combined in a single yarn, creating a random pattern.
• Striped or self-patterning: Two or more colors that repeat in a specific sequence, forming stripes or patterns when knit or crocheted.
• Speckled: Small, random spots of color scattered throughout the yarn.

Choosing the Right Colorway

Picking the perfect colorway for your project can be fun but also overwhelming. A lot of it comes down to personal preference, but here are some tips:

• Consider the stitch pattern you’ll use. Some patterns work best with solid or tonal yarns, while others can really make the most of variegated or striped yarns.
• Think about the purpose of your finished item and its recipient. Are you knitting for somebody who loves big, bold, vibrant colors or do they lean toward a softer color palette? Crafting takes a lot of time and effort, so keeping the recipient’s preferences in mind can help ensure your handiwork will be cherished and used.
• Experiment with combining colorways. Color theory is a whole other topic, but have fun and explore how different colors and stitch patterns go together. 

What is a Dye Lot?

Yarn is dyed in batches, and a dye lot is a batch of yarn dyed at the same time. Even within the same colorway, slight variations can happen between dye lots. So that your knitting project looks consistent, yarn companies will list a dye lot number on the yarn label to help you match your skeins.

Why Dye Lots Matter

When you work with yarns from the same dye lot and colorway, you make sure that the colors in your project remain consistent. Mixing yarns from different dye lots or colorways can lead to unexpected color changes in your finished work which could take away from the overall look of your project.

Imagine you’re knitting a sweater with a beautiful blue yarn. If you use yarns from different dye lots, the blue shades might not match and you could end up with a patchy-looking sweater.

There are ways to blend different dye lots while you’re knitting to minimize the color differences, so it’s not the end of the word if you need to change dye lots part way through a project. But it’s a lot simpler to try to get all your yarn from the same dye lot in the first place!

Care Instructions

Now, we come to the part of the label that is often overlooked but is incredibly important: the care instructions. 

Taking care of your knitted items is super important. Proper care keeps them looking great and helps them last longer. Different types of yarn will have different care needs depending on the yarn fiber, and the yarn labels will give you care instructions to guide you. Let’s explore the different yarn label symbols and what they mean.

Reading Yarn Care Symbols

Most yarn labels will have symbols that indicate how to care for the yarn. These yarn care symbols are often more helpful than words, especially if you’re not a native English speaker. Here are some of the common laundry symbols and what they mean:

Washing Symbols

These icons tell you how to wash your project. You might see a tub filled with water, which means:

• One dot: Use cold water
• Two dots: Use warm water
• Three dots: Use hot water

A hand in the tub means “hand wash only.” An “X” through the tub means “do not wash.”

Drying Symbols

Drying symbols show how to dry your item. A square with a circle inside means “tumble dry.” Dots inside the circle indicate the heat level:

• One dot: Low heat
• Two dots: Medium heat
• Three dots: High heat

A square with lines means “lay flat to dry.” An “X” through the square means “do not dry.”

Ironing Symbols

An iron symbol tells you if you can iron your project:

• One dot: Low heat
• Two dots: Medium heat
• Three dots: High heat

An “X” through the iron means “do not iron.”

Other Care Symbols

A triangle means “bleach.” An “X” through the triangle means “do not bleach.” A circle with the letter “P” or “F” inside means “dry clean.” An “X” through the circle means “do not dry clean.”

Tips for Care Instructions

A quick note about protein fibers like wool, alpaca and silk: if they’re not superwash treated, they can shrink if they’re not washed carefully. So to keep your projects in good shape, be sure to wash them gently and follow the label’s instructions. 

 Here are some tips to keep in mind when reading the care instructions:

• Always follow the care instructions to avoid damaging the yarn.
• If you’re not sure how to care for the yarn, err on the side of caution and hand wash it in cool water.
• Don’t wring your knits – press as much water as possible out then roll them up in a towel and press out more water.
• Always try to air dry items flat to avoid stretching them out. 
• If you’re making something that will be worn or used frequently, consider using a yarn that is machine washable for ease of care.

And a helpful hint for gift-giving: attach a tag with the yarn care instructions to your handmade present so the receiver knows how to keep their knitted gift looking great for years to come!

Understanding Specialty Yarn Labels (Like Indie Yarns!)

At some point in your crafting journey, you’ll likely find a specialty yarn. You might hear them called boutique, artisan, or indie yarns.

These skeins of yarn aren’t your typical balls of wool or acrylic. Many are hand-dyed by independent dyers, but these particular yarns can also include handspun and small mill produced yarns. They’re usually dyed or spun in small batches, giving them a distinct and one-of-a-kind quality. Some of them are works of art!

And when it comes to reading the label of a specialty yarn, there are a few things to keep in mind.

These yarns often come from small businesses or individual makers, so the labels have more of a personal touch and may not be as detailed or follow the same format as commercial ones.

Here are a few things to look for:

1. Dye lot: Indie yarns might not have dye lot numbers, so each skein can be slightly different. Buy enough yarn for your project and alternate skeins to blend color variations.
2. Care instructions: The care instructions might be more limited in a specialty yarn. Some indie yarn companies might include care symbols on the label, but the instructions can often be as brief as “handwash only”. Since these yarn skeins are usually pretty special it’s best to treat them as carefully as possible. 
3. Color bleeding: Some hand-dyed indie yarns can occasionally bleed color. To be safe, wash them separately from other items for the first few times. 

What To Do With Your Yarn Labels?

So, you’ve got your yarn and you’ve read the label. But what do you do with the label now? Don’t just toss it aside! Here are some ideas on what to do with your yarn labels:

• Keep them for future reference: If you’ve got leftover yarn from a project, keep the yarn and label together. I like to use a ball winder to make a neat little yarn cake and store the label in the center. Then I pop them in a zip-top bag to keep them clean. This way, mystery yarn balls are kept to a minimum and your yarn stash stays organized(ish). And you’ll know exactly what yarn it is if you need it for another project or for repairs to the original knit. 
• Create a project journal: Stick the yarn label in a nice notebook or binder. You can attach the swatch, and the needle size you used, and include notes about your project, like any modifications you made, challenges, or tips you discovered along the way.
• Create a yarn swatch library: If you’re a yarn hoarder (like many of us are), you can create a yarn swatch library with your labels. Cut a small piece of yarn from each skein and attach it to the label. This way, you can easily see what each yarn looks and feels like without having to dig through your stash.
• Get creative: Use your labels as inspiration for your next project. You could create a collage or vision board with them, or even use them to decorate a notebook or journal. There are endless possibilities for what you can do with your yarn labels. Don’t let them go to waste!

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